Human Anatomy 205

William Camelet, PhD, Instructor * homepage

Check your scores in the Grade Book. First get consent form
Winter 2007 * * Fall 2006, AM * * Fall 2006, PM
Click here for a peek at comprehensive final questions
ADAM Interactive Anatomy now in Open Computer Lab (B303)

Try these links

Body Worlds
Anatomy on LMC Blackboard and also on LMC Wavelink
Saladin Text, Essential Study Partner [Check the quizzes]
The Dynamic Human at WCB McGraw-Hill [check the quizzes]
More Human Anatomy On-Line by Informative Graphics Corp.
Atlas of the Human Body from the American Medical Association
The Virtual Autopsy2 Anatomy & Physiology

[Organization and Anatomical Direction] [Body Regions] [Body Cavities & Membranes] [Practice Tests] [Models & Torsos]

The Brief History of Anatomy

Egyptians and Greeks
- Menes wrote first anatomy manual about 3400 B.C.
- Hippocrates about 460 B.C.
Claudius Galen (A.D.130-201)authority for 1500 years. See more on Galen
Andreas Vesalius (1514-64) challenged Galen. Check out De Humani Corporis Fabrica
William Harvey (1578-1657) Theory of Circulation see portrait
Henry Gray published Gray's Anatomy, 1858 (still in print). See Gray's Anatomy Online

Methods of Study of Human Body

Inspection [palpation, auscultation, percussion]
Dissection [cadaver]
Medical Imaging [radiography, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, Sonography]

Anatomical Terminology and Body Organization

Characteristics of Life
- Oranization and cellular composition
- Biochemical unity [DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids]
- Metabolism [chemical reactions of organism]
- Homeostasis [maintenance of a stable internal environment]
- Growth and Development
- Reproduction
- Evolution [mutation and natural selection results in adptation]
Classification of Homo sapiens [Domain Eukarya] [Kingdom Animalia] [Subphylum Vertebrate] [Class Mammalia] [Order Primates]
Levels of body organization
1. Atoms and molecules
2. Cellular organelles
3. Cellular [cells are basic units of structure and function]
4. Tissue [made up of cells of similar structure and function]
5. Organ [made up of tissues that work together in a specific activity]
6. Organ System [groups of two or more organs that work together for specific function]
7. Organism [highest level of organization, a complete entity, human]
Organ system levels are integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory [cardiovascular, lymphatic], endocrine, nervous, sensory, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive.
Anatomical Position and Directional Terms
- superior, cranial, cephalic [toward the head] vs inferior, caudal [away from the head]
- anterior = ventral vs posterior = dorsal * [Anterior & posterior view of torso here]
- medial [closer to midline] vs lateral [farther from midline]
- proximal [toward the body trunk] vs distal [away from the body trunk]
- superficial vs deep or internal vs external
- afferent [transmission to an organ] vs efferent [conveying away from the organ]
- Outer and inner wall of body cavity - parietal vs visceral
- ipsilateral [on same side as] vs contralateral [on opposite side as]
Test your knowledge of directional terms. Play Quia!

Body Planes [sagittal] [frontal] [transverse]

Terms for Body Regions

Head [facial][cranial supports brain]
Neck [cervical region]
Trunk
- Thorax is subdivided anteriorly:
  - two mammary regions
  - sternal region is medial to mammary
  - axilla (underarm area, lateral thorax)
- Vertebral [posterior, medial region covers vertebrae]
- Abdomen [inferior to thorax, umbilicus marks center]
- Pelvic region
  - lumbar [lateral to vertebral]
  - gluteal regions [buttocks]
  - sacral [inferior to vertebral, medial to gluteal]
  - Anatomical perineum contains anus + genitals
Upper Extremity [subdivided by joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist)]
- Shoulder (deltoid region)
- Brachium is upper arm
- Cubital region [anterior depression at elbow joint]
- Antebrachium (forearm)
- Manus (hand) has palmar surface and dorsum and is subdivided into three parts
  1. carpus (wrist)
  2. metacarpus [largest segment of hand with 5 long bones]
  3. digits [5 fingers]
Lower Extremity [subdivided joints (hip, knee, ankel)]
- Hip
- Thigh [femoral region]
- knee (patella) is joint between thigh and leg, popliteal [posterior to knee]
- leg (crus) [between knee and ankle]
- Pes (foot) [plantar surface and dorsum] is subdivided into 3 parts:
  1. tarsus (ankle)
  2. metatarsus [largest segment of foot; with 5 long bones]
  3. digits [5 toes]

Roll cursor over David for anatomical regions

Try quiz on body regions at Univ of Minnesota

Subdivisions of the anterior abdomen and pelvic regions

Nine Abdominopelvic Regions
Four abdominal quadrants

Body Cavities

Anterior (Ventral) body cavity (coelom)
- See LMC lab torso
- Thoracic cavity [pleural][mediastinum][pericardial]
- Abdominal cavity
- Pelvic cavity
Posterior (Dorsal) body cavity [cranial][vertebral]
Serous membrane linings [parietal vs visceral] of coelom

Two types of body membranes that line openings and cavities.

Mucus membranes line cavities or tubes that exit the body.
- secrets thick sticky fluid (mucus)
- lines digestive tract, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, inner surface of eyelids
Serous membranes line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and cover viseral organs
- lining of cavities that do not open to outside of body
- secret watery fluids
- reduce binding and friction

Lab Models and Torsos

Torso (¾ torso)[Body regions anterior view] [ body cavities]
Torso (Unlabeled ¾ torso) [anterior view] [ posterior view]
Torso with interactive labels [ Ventral body cavities][Abdominopelvic vs quadrant Regions] [Anterior & posterior view]

Crosswords, practice tests and games to test your knowledge

Try crossword on body orientation
Try the Anatomy Game body organization (Web Anatomy II)
Test for body structure and anatomical positions. Play Quia!
Test of body regions and body cavities. Play Quia
See Organization of the Human Body

Dynamic Human
at McGraw-Hill

Human Anatomy
Online

Etymology of
Medical Terms

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